Hip Replacement Surgery

Hip replacement surgery, medically known as total hip arthroplasty, is a common orthopedic procedure performed to relieve pain and restore function in a severely damaged hip joint. This surgery involves replacing the diseased or damaged parts of the hip joint with artificial components, known as prostheses, which are typically made from metal, ceramic, or high-grade plastic.

Causes for Hip Replacement

Hip replacement is usually considered when other treatments like medications, physical therapy, or lifestyle modifications fail to relieve symptoms. The most common conditions leading to hip damage include:

• Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that causes cartilage breakdown, leading to pain and stiffness.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disorder causing chronic inflammation in joints.
• Post-traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis following an injury to the hip.
• Avascular Necrosis: Loss of blood supply to the hip bone, leading to bone collapse.
• Hip Fractures: Particularly in elderly individuals where bone healing is compromised.
• Congenital Hip Disorders: Such as developmental dysplasia of the hip, leading to early degeneration.

Treatment – The Surgical Procedure

The procedure is typically performed under spinal or general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision over the hip, removes the damaged femoral head, and reshapes the hip socket (acetabulum). These are then replaced with a prosthetic ball-and-socket joint.

There are two main types of hip replacement:

• Total Hip Replacement (THR) – Replacement of both the ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum).
• Partial Hip Replacement – Replacement of only the femoral head, commonly done in cases of certain fractures.

Modern techniques, such as minimally invasive surgery, reduce incision size, minimize tissue damage, and speed up recovery.

Benefits of Hip Replacement

The primary goal of hip replacement is to relieve chronic hip pain and restore mobility and function. Key benefits include:

• Pain Relief: Most patients experience dramatic pain reduction within weeks.
• Improved Mobility: Enhanced ability to walk, climb stairs, and perform daily activities.
• Better Quality of Life: Increased independence and return to normal lifestyle.
• Long-Term Results: Modern implants can last 15–20 years or more with proper care.
• Reduced Dependency on Pain Medications: Lower